Electric Motors For Cars
An electric car is a car that is powered by an electric motor rather than a gasoline engine. From the outside, you will probably have no idea that a car is electric especially because in most cases, electric cars are created by converting a gasoline-powered car. However, under the hood, a lot of differences exist between gasoline and electric cars. Of course, the gasoline engine is replaced by an electric motor for cars. The electric motor gets its power from a controller and the controller gets its power from an array of rechargeable batteries. In addition, a gasoline engine, with its fuel lines, exhaust pipes, coolant hoses, and intake manifold, tends to look like a plumbing project. An electric car is definitely a wiring project.
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Electric cars can use AC or DC motors. If the motor is a DC motor, then it may run on anything from 96 to 192 volts. Many of the DC motors used in electric cars come from the electric forklift industry. If it is an AC motor, then it probably is a three-phase AC motor running at 240 volts AC with a 300 volt battery pack.
DC installations tend to be simpler and less expensive than AC installations. DC motors have the nice feature that you can overdrive them for short periods of time. This is great for short bursts of acceleration. The only limitation is heat build-up in the motor. Too much overdriving and the motor heats up to the point where it self-destructs.
With AC installations, finding a motor with a specific size, shape, or power rating is easier. Also, AC motors and controllers often have a regen feature which allows the motor to turn into a generator and deliver power back to the batteries when braking.
An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism. A motor uses magnets to create motion. The fundamental law of all magnets is this: Opposite poles attract and like poles repel. So if you have two bar magnets with their ends marked "north" and "south," then the north end of one magnet will attract the south end of the other. On the other hand, the north end of one magnet will repel the north end of the other, and similarly, south will repel south. Inside an electric motor, these attracting and repelling forces create rotational motion that propels the car forward.
Electric cars create less pollution than gasoline-powered cars, so they are considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles.
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